Ekonomika Teknologi

Arsip:

Kajian Vol.14: Agricultural Economics: The Moderation of Indonesia’s Agricultural Sector: Why Productivity and Growth Are Slowing Down?

Ekonomi Publik Ekonomika Agrikultur Ekonomika Kependudukan Ekonomika Ketenagakerjaan Ekonomika Teknologi Kajian Jumat, 2 Januari 2026

Authors:

Nawfal Aulia Luthfurrahman, Ahmad Zufar Robbani, Qisha Quarina

Bidang Kajian Microeconomics Dashboard 2025

Executive Summary

The agricultural sector in Indonesia remains a vital source of employment and food security but is growing to be typified by stagnation in productivity. Despite the improvement in agricultural value added per worker over time, the growth has been low and has been persistently lower than industry and services.

One major factor behind this stagnation is the aging structure of the agricultural workforce. A growing share of agricultural workers is above prime working age, while younger generations are steadily leaving the sector. This demographic shift limits labor productivity and slows the adoption of modern technologies and practices.

Land fragmentation and insecure tenure represent another critical bottleneck. Most agricultural holdings operate on small and fragmented plots, often without formal land ownership. These conditions increase production costs, reduce scale efficiency, restrict access to credit, and discourage long-term investment in productivity-enhancing inputs.

There is still a significant share of agricultural holdings who are still in subsistence and semi-subsistence farming where farmers produce goods that are mostly consumed in the family or they are not sold in the market. The low productivity and land underutilization is reinforced by this type of production, which restricts income production, capital accumulation, and reinvestment.

Despite policy efforts to expand access to fertilizers, irrigation, and digital technologies, technology adoption remains uneven. The small area of irrigation covered, the lack of uniformity in the use of inputs, and partial diffusion of modern tools are the reasons why the overall agricultural sector of Indonesia is not changing and slow down the process of agricultural transformation.

Monthly Issue Vol.2: Just Energy Transition in Indonesia’s Coal Sector

Ekonomi Publik Ekonomika Kependudukan Ekonomika Ketenagakerjaan Ekonomika Teknologi Kajian Monthly Issue Kamis, 8 Mei 2025

Author: Ahmad Zufar Robbani, Raniah Salsabila, Qisha Quarina

May 2025

Indonesia’s commitment to achieving net-zero emissions by 2060 or earlier places the coal sector at the heart of the nation’s energy transition. As one of the main contributors to national GDP, state revenue, and employment, phasing out coal is not just an environmental milestone—it’s a socioeconomic turning point. Our latest study reveals that while most coal workers belong to the highest wage deciles, many are still vulnerable due to fixed-term contracts that limit access to social protection. The transition is projected to cause widespread job losses across upstream and downstream industries, with regions like East Kalimantan and South Sumatra likely to face the greatest impact. read more

Monthly Issue Vol.1: The Implementation of 8 Quick Win Programs

Ekonomi Publik Ekonomika Agrikultur Ekonomika Kependudukan Ekonomika Kesehatan Ekonomika Ketenagakerjaan Ekonomika Pendidikan Ekonomika Teknologi Monthly Issue Publikasi Jumat, 7 Maret 2025

Author: Raniah Salsabila, Fitra Anas, Qisha Quarina

Maret 2025

Indonesia is pushing forward with its bold 8 Quick Win Programs, aimed at transforming public welfare through critical initiatives like Free Nutritious Meals (MBG), Free Health Check-ups, and Agricultural Land Productivity Enhancement. These programs target malnutrition, healthcare accessibility, and food security, focusing on empowering vulnerable communities across the nation.

How can these initiatives reshape Indonesia’s future by tackling poverty, stunting, and inequality? Dive into the full report to understand how strategic investments in health, education, and agriculture are driving a more resilient and sustainable Indonesia. read more

Kajian Vol. 9: Labor & Technology Economics: Apakah Artificial Intelligence akan Sepenuhnya Mensubstitusi Manusia?

Ekonomika Ketenagakerjaan Ekonomika Teknologi Kajian Sabtu, 30 November 2024

Penulis:

Raniah Salsabila, Qisha Quarina

Bidang Kajian Microeconomics Dashboard 2024

Ringkasan Eksekutif

Kemajuan teknologi dianggap sebagai mesin kemajuan ekonomi, namun juga sebagai inovasi yang memengaruhi pengaturan pasar tenaga kerja.

Kemajuan teknologi dinilai dapat mengurangi lapangan pekerjaan dan meningkatkan risiko pengangguran. Di sisi lain, kemajuan teknologi dapat meningkatkan produktivitas pekerja.

Lebih lanjut, salah satu kemajuan teknologi yang paling banyak diadopsi di pasar tenaga kerja adalah Artificial Intelligence (AI).

AI merupakan alat yang menggunakan metode komputasi untuk meniru kecerdasan manusia dan dapat digunakan untuk membantu manusia dalam menyelesaikan pekerjaan.

Kemunculan AI dapat meningkatkan kecepatan dan volume pekerjaan serta meningkatkan otomatisasi proses industri sehingga dapat mengakibatkan perpindahan pekerjaan di beberapa sektor.

Pada dasarnya teknologi buatan yang meniru kecerdasan manusia dibangun untuk membantu manusia dalam menyelesaikan pekerjaan, bukan untuk menggantikan kecerdasan manusia.

Dari 10 (sepuluh) kebutuhan keterampilan masa depan, hanya 2 (dua) keterampilan yang berkaitan dengan teknologi, sementara sebagian besar keterampilan yang dibutuhkan di masa depan berkaitan dengan kecerdasan manusia.

Dalam menjaga hubungan antara manusia dan AI diperlukan peningkatan keterampilan maupun reskilling untuk mengimbangi perkembangan AI.