SDG 2: Tanpa Kelaparan

Arsip:

Kajian Vol.14: Agricultural Economics: The Moderation of Indonesia’s Agricultural Sector: Why Productivity and Growth Are Slowing Down?

Ekonomi Publik Ekonomika Agrikultur Ekonomika Kependudukan Ekonomika Ketenagakerjaan Ekonomika Teknologi Kajian Jumat, 2 Januari 2026

Authors:

Nawfal Aulia Luthfurrahman, Ahmad Zufar Robbani, Qisha Quarina

Bidang Kajian Microeconomics Dashboard 2025

Executive Summary

The agricultural sector in Indonesia remains a vital source of employment and food security but is growing to be typified by stagnation in productivity. Despite the improvement in agricultural value added per worker over time, the growth has been low and has been persistently lower than industry and services.

One major factor behind this stagnation is the aging structure of the agricultural workforce. A growing share of agricultural workers is above prime working age, while younger generations are steadily leaving the sector. This demographic shift limits labor productivity and slows the adoption of modern technologies and practices.

Land fragmentation and insecure tenure represent another critical bottleneck. Most agricultural holdings operate on small and fragmented plots, often without formal land ownership. These conditions increase production costs, reduce scale efficiency, restrict access to credit, and discourage long-term investment in productivity-enhancing inputs.

There is still a significant share of agricultural holdings who are still in subsistence and semi-subsistence farming where farmers produce goods that are mostly consumed in the family or they are not sold in the market. The low productivity and land underutilization is reinforced by this type of production, which restricts income production, capital accumulation, and reinvestment.

Despite policy efforts to expand access to fertilizers, irrigation, and digital technologies, technology adoption remains uneven. The small area of irrigation covered, the lack of uniformity in the use of inputs, and partial diffusion of modern tools are the reasons why the overall agricultural sector of Indonesia is not changing and slow down the process of agricultural transformation.

Monthly Issue Vol.1: The Implementation of 8 Quick Win Programs

Ekonomi Publik Ekonomika Agrikultur Ekonomika Kependudukan Ekonomika Kesehatan Ekonomika Ketenagakerjaan Ekonomika Pendidikan Ekonomika Teknologi Monthly Issue Publikasi Jumat, 7 Maret 2025

Author: Raniah Salsabila, Fitra Anas, Qisha Quarina

Maret 2025

Indonesia is pushing forward with its bold 8 Quick Win Programs, aimed at transforming public welfare through critical initiatives like Free Nutritious Meals (MBG), Free Health Check-ups, and Agricultural Land Productivity Enhancement. These programs target malnutrition, healthcare accessibility, and food security, focusing on empowering vulnerable communities across the nation.

How can these initiatives reshape Indonesia’s future by tackling poverty, stunting, and inequality? Dive into the full report to understand how strategic investments in health, education, and agriculture are driving a more resilient and sustainable Indonesia. read more

Edisi Khusus Policy Paper Kelas Ekonomika Pembangunan 1 Program Sarjana: Agricultural Economics: Command Agriculture (Special Maize Programme): Kebijakan Substitusi Impor di Tengah Krisis Ketahanan Pangan di Zimbabwe

Ekonomika Agrikultur Ekonomika Kesehatan Ekonomika Ketenagakerjaan Kajian Senin, 17 Februari 2025

Penulis: Erida Wulan Sari (1)
Reviewer: Raniah Salsabila (2), Qisha Quarina (2)

(1) Departemen Ilmu Ekonomi, Fakultas Ekonomika dan Bisnis, Universitas Gadjah Mada;
(2) Bidang Kajian Microeconomics Dashboard, Fakultas Ekonomika dan Bisnis, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Februari 2025

Highlights:

Pertanian, khususnya pertanian jagung, memainkan peran penting dalam perekonomian Zimbabwe. Sekitar dua pertiga penduduk Zimbabwe baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung bekerja dan bergantung pada sektor pertanian.

Saat ini Zimbabwe mengalami defisit produksi jagung dan ketahanan pangan. Ketimpangan produksi dan konsumsi jagung yang semakin melebar sejak tahun 2000 menunjukkan bahwa Zimbabwe semakin rawan pangan. Tingkat kerawanan pangan yang parah menunjukkan kemungkinan besar berkurangnya asupan makanan, sehingga dapat menyebabkan kekurangan gizi yang lebih parah, termasuk kelaparan.

Kondisi tingginya tingkat kerawanan pangan dan kurangnya pasokan jagung mengharuskan pemerintah Zimbabwe melakukan impor dan semakin bergantung dengan pasokan jagung dari negara lain. Hal ini mendorong pemerintah Zimbabwe memperkenalkan program Command Agriculture (CA) melalui Special Maize Programme for Import Substitution (SMPIS) pada tahun 2016 untuk mengembalikan tingkat produksi pertanian sehingga mencapai swasembada jagung nasional, mencegah kelaparan, serta mengurangi impor jagung.

Di sisi lain, program SMPIS memicu perdebatan mengenai dampaknya terhadap perekonomian negara.

Maka dari itu, terdapat beberapa diskusi kebijakan untuk meningkatkan kontribusi program, antara lain (1) memberikan subsidi dalam jangka panjang melalui pelatihan untuk meningkatkan skill/keterampilan, (2) diperlukan upaya ketahanan pangan berpusat pada pertanian tangguh terhadap iklim, (3) kriteria penerima manfaat program harus bersifat netral dan memprioritaskan petani yang terbukti memiliki kapasitas, serta (4) memperkuat institusi kelembagaan yang mendukung agenda transformasi pertanian.