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  • SDG 10: Berkurangnya Kesenjangan
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SDG 10: Berkurangnya Kesenjangan

Kajian Vol.13: Health Economics: Mengapa Gangguan Tidur Menjadi Masalah Baru dalam Ekonomi? Sleep Deficiency and Its Economic Burden

Ekonomi PublikEkonomika KependudukanEkonomika KesehatanEkonomika KetenagakerjaanEkonomika PendidikanKajianPublikasi Senin, 29 Desember 2025

Penulis:

Rani Destia Wahyuningsih, Ahmad Zufar Robbani, Qisha Quarina

Bidang Kajian Microeconomics Dashboard 2025

Ringkasan Eksekutif

  • Defisiensi tidur (sleep deficiency) merupakan kondisi ketika individu tidak memperoleh durasi dan/atau kualitas tidur yang memadai, termasuk tidur yang tidak selaras dengan ritme biologis, kualitas tidur yang buruk, serta adanya gangguan tidur.
  • Meskipun sering tidak disadari dan jarang dilaporkan, sleep deficiency telah berkembang menjadi isu kesehatan global dengan implikasi ekonomi yang luas, terutama melalui penurunan produktivitas tenaga kerja dan hilangnya jam kerja.
  • Faktor individu, termasuk rendahnya aktivitas fisik, status gizi overweight atau obesitas, serta kebiasaan merokok, bersama dengan kondisi kesehatan mental, merupakan determinan penting dalam terjadinya sleep deficiency. Selain itu, faktor struktural seperti durasi perjalanan kerja (commuting time) yang panjang turut berkontribusi terhadap berkurangnya waktu tidur.
  • Prevalensi sleep deficiency secara global menunjukkan adanya pola ketimpangan sosial-ekonomi. Kelompok dengan tingkat pendidikan lebih rendah dan individu yang berstatus menganggur cenderung memiliki kualitas tidur yang lebih buruk dibandingkan kelompok lainnya.
  • Secara lintas negara, hanya sekitar separuh orang dewasa dunia yang melaporkan memperoleh tidur yang cukup, dengan Jepang dan Korea Selatan menempati posisi terbawah dalam persentase penduduk yang mendapatkan tidur cukup.
  • Di Indonesia, sleep deficiency menunjukkan bahwa meskipun mayoritas masyarakat menilai kualitas tidurnya berada pada kategori “cukup”. Lebih dari 25 persen individu mengalami kesulitan tidur lebih dari tiga kali dalam seminggu, mengindikasikan adanya masalah tidur yang bersifat berulang.
  • Pengukuran economic costs di negara maju oleh Hafner et al. (2017) melalui pendekatan mikro menilai kerugian produktivitas akibat absenteeism dan presenteeism, dan menemukan adanya hubungan berbentuk U-shaped relationship antara durasi tidur dan produktivitas kerja.
  • Hafner et al. (2017) melalui pendekatan makro menggunakan model keseimbangan umum dinamis berbasis Overlapping Generations (OLG) menemukan bahwa setiap skenario perbaikan durasi tidur secara konsisten meningkatkan produk domestik bruto (PDB).
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    Kajian Vol.12: Labour Economics: Indonesia’s Young Labour Force: Trends and Challenges in Youth Unemployment

    Ekonomi PublikEkonomika KependudukanEkonomika KetenagakerjaanKajianPublikasi Sabtu, 27 Desember 2025

    Authors:

    Nadya Zahra Prasetio, Nawfal Aulia, Qisha Quarina, Ahmad Zufar Robbani

    Bidang Kajian Microeconomics Dashboard 2025

    Executive Summary

  • In Indonesia, unemployment in recent years has been the highest within youths against other working age groups, recorded persistently between 23% – 16% within the last decade.
  • Amongst the unemployed youth, male have been persistently recording the highest unemployment rate, despite traditional viewpoints on being the breadwinner of the family.
  • In recent years, senior high school and vocational school graduates continue to dominate amongst the unemployed youth, showing how despite relatively high levels of education, they still remain unable to be absorbed in the market
  • The consistent unemployment rate may also be due to the lack of training and working experiences of the young workers, which acts as a barrier to them. 
  • Therefore, this study will identify the reasons behind the persistence of youth unemployment in the Indonesian labour market.
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    Kajian Vol.11: Sports Economics: Exploring the Football Player Market in Indonesia’s Super League

    Ekonomi PublikEkonomika KeolahragaanEkonomika KetenagakerjaanKajianPublikasi Jumat, 5 Desember 2025

    Authors:

    Jeremy Nathanael Zefanya, Ahmad Zufar Robbani, Qisha Quarina

    Bidang Kajian Microeconomics Dashboard 2025

    Executive Summary

  • Indonesia’s Super League has experienced growth, marked by rising fan engagement, increasing club valuations, and expanding recruitment of foreign players. The league operates within a hierarchical football structure that mirrors global labour market patterns, where economic inequality, segmented mobility, and regulatory constraints shape player careers and club strategies.
  • This study aims to analyze the economic dynamics of the Indonesian Super League by examining league hierarchy status, regulatory frameworks, and the determinants of  market value. It also seeks to contextualize Indonesia’s football labour market within global patterns of player migration and performance-based valuation.
  • The analysis reveals a clear financial hierarchy between Super League and Liga 2, with Liga 1 clubs holding significantly larger valuations and stronger institutional capacity. Short-term PKWT contracts expose players to wage risks, making legal protections under Indonesia’s Manpower Law and National Sports System Law crucial for safeguarding workers’ rights. 
  • Player market value is primarily influenced by performance metrics such as goals and assists, as well as human capital factors including age and position. Younger players and high-performing foreign players, command higher valuations, while age and disciplinary records reduce market value
  • Indonesia’s Super League presents a high-opportunity for economic analysis, shaped by financial disparities, uneven contract enforcement, and structural segmentation that influence player valuation and mobility. These conditions highlight the need for further research on wage determination, institutional quality, and how governance and investment patterns shape the broader football labour market
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    Kajian Vol.10: Labour Economics – The Vulnerability of Fixed-Term Contract Workers in Indonesia

    Ekonomi PublikEkonomika KependudukanEkonomika KetenagakerjaanKajianPenelitian Senin, 27 Oktober 2025

    Authors:

    Raniah Salsabila, Owen Alberto Liem, Nadya Zahra Prasetio, Nawfal Aulia, Qisha Quarina

    Bidang Kajian Microeconomics Dashboard 2025


    Executive Summary

  • In Indonesia, work agreements are divided into 2 (two), i.e. fixed-term contract (Perjanjian Kerja Waktu Tertentu/PKWT) and indefinite-term contract (Perjanjian Kerja Waktu Tidak Tertentu/PKWTT).
  • The implementing regulations for work agreements are contained in the Law No. 13/2003 on Employment, which was later amended through Law No. 11/2020 on Job Creation or the Omnibus Law, and Government Regulation No. 35/2021.
  • There are differences between the two work agreements, i.e. the length of service, nature of work, employment rights, and employment protection for workers.
  • Despite being eligible to the same social protection programs, fixed-term contract workers are prone to risks due to the limited nature of the work agreement, lack of labour regulations, restricted social program coverage, and susceptibility to income exploitation.
  • Specifically, only a small portion of PKWT workers are covered by employment insurance programs despite being eligible for the programs, indicating the mismatch between regulations and company policies.
  • Demographically, PKWT workers tend to be younger and less educated than the PKWTT workers.
  • The number of workers experiencing termination of employment has increased from year to year with PKWT workers being more vulnerable to termination of employment.
  • In addition, compared to the PKWTT workers, the PKWT workers have a higher percentage of no engagement in the labour union, implying that PKWT workers have a lower incidence of social dialogue in the labour market.
  • Lastly, most PKWT workers lie within the lower income deciles (within the 1st-5th decile), placing them in a financially vulnerable segment of society.
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    Isu Bulanan Bagian 3: Memahami Angka TPT Turun, Benarkah Pasar Kerja Indonesia Membaik?

    Ekonomi PublikEkonomika KependudukanEkonomika KetenagakerjaanMonthly Issue Sabtu, 14 Juni 2025

    Penulis: Qisha Quarina, Owen Alberto Liem

    Juni 2025

    Angka pengangguran terbuka (TPT) Indonesia turun ke 4,76% pada Februari 2025 terendah dalam beberapa tahun terakhir. Sekilas, ini tampak sebagai sinyal membaiknya pasar kerja. Namun jika ditelaah lebih dalam, jumlah penganggur justru meningkat, dan sebagian besar pekerjaan baru yang tercipta adalah pekerjaan informal yang rentan tanpa perlindungan sosial.

    Analisis terbaru kami menunjukkan bahwa 59,4% pekerja Indonesia masih bekerja secara informal, tanpa kontrak kerja formal atau jaminan hukum. Bahkan di kalangan pekerja formal, mayoritas bekerja dengan sistem kontrak jangka pendek (PKWT) yang tidak menjamin keberlanjutan pekerjaan atau akses penuh terhadap jaminan sosial. Cakupan jaminan sosial pun masih sangat rendah, khususnya bagi pekerja informal dan pekerja tanpa perjanjian kerja. read more

    EVENT RECAP – Workshop Policy Paper #1

    Ekonomi PublikEkonomika KependudukanEkonomika KesehatanEkonomika KetenagakerjaanEkonomika PendidikanWorkshop Series Rabu, 14 Mei 2025

    On May 2nd, 2025, we successfully held the first session of our Policy Paper Writing Workshop series, led by Ardina Hasanbasri. The workshop focused on the key aspects of crafting effective policy reports, emphasizing the importance of structuring reports that are clear, concise, and accessible to diverse audiences, including both the public and private sectors.

    Participants were also introduced to the essential components of a well-crafted executive summary—one that presents the main recommendations in a direct and actionable manner. We would like to thank all the participants for their valuable contributions and engagement. We look forward to continuing this journey in future sessions. read more

    Monthly Issue Vol.2: Just Energy Transition in Indonesia’s Coal Sector

    Ekonomi PublikEkonomika KependudukanEkonomika KetenagakerjaanEkonomika TeknologiKajianMonthly Issue Kamis, 8 Mei 2025

    Author: Ahmad Zufar Robbani, Raniah Salsabila, Qisha Quarina

    May 2025

    Indonesia’s commitment to achieving net-zero emissions by 2060 or earlier places the coal sector at the heart of the nation’s energy transition. As one of the main contributors to national GDP, state revenue, and employment, phasing out coal is not just an environmental milestone—it’s a socioeconomic turning point. Our latest study reveals that while most coal workers belong to the highest wage deciles, many are still vulnerable due to fixed-term contracts that limit access to social protection. The transition is projected to cause widespread job losses across upstream and downstream industries, with regions like East Kalimantan and South Sumatra likely to face the greatest impact. read more

    Special Edition Policy Paper Development Economics Class: Urban & Labor Economics: The Role of The Urban Informal Sector in India’s Economy

    Ekonomi PublikEkonomika KetenagakerjaanKajian Senin, 10 Maret 2025

    Author: Aushaaf Rafif Keane Pribadi (1)
    Reviewer: Raniah Salsabila (2), Qisha Quarina (2)

    Maret 2025

    Highlights:

  • Informal sectors, specifically urban informal sector, play significant roles in the economy and employment of the people in India. 
  • The dominance of the urban informal sector in India is mainly caused by urbanization coupled with premature deindustrialization. 
  • The urban informal sector has a significant role in income generation and unemployment reduction, leading to increased livelihood for the poor. On the other side, the urban informal sector faces challenges, such as low access to credit, production technologies, formal training, and public services. 
  • However, the existence of the urban informal sector still sparks debate on whether it is desired in the economy. The urban informal sector is typically characterized by low productivity, but its vital role as the livelihood of the urban poor and its potential resilience to shocks may benefit India’s current economic condition if treated accordingly. 
  • It is acknowledged that the development of the urban formal sector can stabilize the urban informal sector through balanced transitions and increased productivity from the spillover effects.
  • However, comprehensive policies targeted specifically to the urban informal sector are needed, including facilitation of capacity building, inclusive credit access, accommodative business insurance, and formalization mechanism that is adapted to specific informal sector types. 
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    Monthly Issue Vol.1: The Implementation of 8 Quick Win Programs

    Ekonomi PublikEkonomika AgrikulturEkonomika KependudukanEkonomika KesehatanEkonomika KetenagakerjaanEkonomika PendidikanEkonomika TeknologiMonthly IssuePublikasi Jumat, 7 Maret 2025

    Author: Raniah Salsabila, Fitra Anas, Qisha Quarina

    Maret 2025

    Indonesia is pushing forward with its bold 8 Quick Win Programs, aimed at transforming public welfare through critical initiatives like Free Nutritious Meals (MBG), Free Health Check-ups, and Agricultural Land Productivity Enhancement. These programs target malnutrition, healthcare accessibility, and food security, focusing on empowering vulnerable communities across the nation.

    How can these initiatives reshape Indonesia’s future by tackling poverty, stunting, and inequality? Dive into the full report to understand how strategic investments in health, education, and agriculture are driving a more resilient and sustainable Indonesia. read more